🧠 Polymorphism in Python — One Name, Many Forms!

 Have you ever seen your teacher write with a pen, then with a marker, and then type on a keyboard?

All three are different, but the action is the same: writing ✍️

This is exactly what Polymorphism means in Python — one function or method can work in many different ways depending on the object!

---

🎭 What is Polymorphism?

Polymorphism is a fancy word that comes from Greek:

• "Poly" means many

• "Morph" means forms

So Polymorphism = many forms 🌀

In Python, polymorphism allows us to:

• Use the same function name for different objects

• Write less code and do more work

---

🧒 Real-Life Example: Animals Making Sounds

Let’s say we have different animals, and they all make sounds — but each makes a different sound.

class Dog:
    def speak(self):
        print("Woof! 🐶")

class Cat:
    def speak(self):
        print("Meow! 🐱")

class Cow:
    def speak(self):
        print("Moo! 🐮")

Now let’s call their speak() method:

animals = [Dog(), Cat(), Cow()]

for animal in animals:
    animal.speak()

💬 Output:

Woof! 🐶
Meow! 🐱
Moo! 🐮

🎉 Even though the method name is the same (speak()), each animal does something different. That’s Polymorphism in action!

---

🔁 Polymorphism with Functions

You can also write a function that works with many object types:

def animal_sound(animal):
    animal.speak()

d = Dog()
c = Cat()

animal_sound(d)
animal_sound(c)

✅ The same function behaves differently depending on what you pass into it!

---

🎮 Mini Challenge Time!

Create two classes:

• Car → method move() → prints "Driving on the road 🚗"

• Boat → method move() → prints "Sailing on water 🚤"

Then write a loop to call move() for both.

Can you do it? Try it out!

---

🧠 Why Polymorphism is Cool:

Benefit	What it Means
✅ Less Repetition	No need to write same function again
🔁 Reusability	Use same function for different objects
📦 Clean Code	Easier to read and manage your program

---

🔮 Summary

Term	What It Means
Polymorphism	One name, many behaviors
Method	A function inside a class
Class	A blueprint to create objects

---

🧠 Real-World Examples

• print() works for text, numbers, and even lists!

print("Hello")
print(123)
print([1, 2, 3])

That’s built-in polymorphism in Python!

---

🚀 Coming Next

• ✨ Encapsulation — hide your data like a secret vault

• 🧬 Inheritance — share features between parent and child classes

---

🎁 Bonus: Try This!

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        print("I don't know the shape!")

class Square(Shape):
    def area(self):
        print("Area = side × side")

class Circle(Shape):
    def area(self):
        print("Area = π × r × r")

shapes = [Square(), Circle()]
for shape in shapes:
    shape.area()